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  2. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    The Rutherford paper suggested that the central charge of an atom might be "proportional" to its atomic mass in hydrogen mass units u (roughly 1/2 of it, in Rutherford's model). For gold, this mass number is 197 (not then known to great accuracy) and was therefore modelled by Rutherford to be possibly 196 u.

  3. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [2]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [3] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.

  4. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.

  5. Coulomb scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_scattering

    Coulomb scattering is the elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction.The physical phenomenon was used by Ernest Rutherford in a classic 1911 paper [1] that eventually led to the widespread use of scattering in particle physics to study subatomic matter.

  6. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    The Rutherford–Bohr model of the hydrogen atom After Bohr's use of Einstein 's explanation of the photoelectric effect to relate energy levels in atoms with the wavelength of emitted light, the connection between the structure of electrons in atoms and the emission and absorption spectra of atoms became an increasingly useful tool in the ...

  7. File:Rutherford gold foil experiment results.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil...

    English: Top: Expected results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. Bottom: Observed results: Some of the particles were deflected, and some by very large angles. Rutherford concluded that the positive charge of the atom must be concentrated into a very small ...

  8. Nuclear chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry

    To Rutherford, the gold foil experiment implied that the positive charge was confined to a very small nucleus leading first to the Rutherford model, and eventually to the Bohr model of the atom, where the positive nucleus is surrounded by the negative electrons.

  9. Ernest Rutherford - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford

    Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 7 ] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [ 8 ]

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