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  2. Instrument landing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system

    ILS planes. An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced ...

  3. Instrument landing system localizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system...

    Localizer as component of an ILS (KMEZ runway 27, Mena, Arkansas) Emission patterns of the localizer and glide path signals. An instrument landing system localizer, or simply localizer (LOC, [1] or LLZ prior to 2007 [2]), is a system of horizontal guidance in the instrument landing system, which is used to guide aircraft along the axis of the runway.

  4. Transponder landing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder_Landing_System

    TLS uses the existing Mode 3/A/C/S transponder equipment to determine the aircraft's position. It then transmits the correct signal on the same frequencies used for the current ILS system. All the pilot is required to do is wait for clearance from ATC for the TLS approach and then tune an ILS receiver to the appropriate frequency.

  5. Airband - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airband

    Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies. Non-directional beacons (NDB)s operate on low frequency and medium frequency bands 190–415 kHz and 510–535 kHz. The instrument landing system (ILS) glide path operates in the UHF range of 329.3–335.0 MHz with marker beacons at 75 MHz.

  6. Marker beacon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_beacon

    Locator Outer Marker (LOM), a High Frequency (HF) Non-Directional Beacon, co-located with an "outer marker" (OM) 75-MHz Marker Beacon. Middle marker antenna at KONT A marker beacon is a particular type of VHF radio beacon used in aviation , usually in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine ...

  7. Glide path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glide_path

    Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...

  8. VHF omnidirectional range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF_omnidirectional_range

    The first 4 MHz is shared with the instrument landing system (ILS) band. In the United States, frequencies within the pass band of 108.00 to 111.95 MHz which have an even 100 kHz first digit after the decimal point (108.00, 108.05, 108.20, 108.25, and so on) are reserved for VOR frequencies while frequencies within the 108.00 to 111.95 MHz pass ...

  9. Difference in the depth of modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_in_the_Depth_of...

    [citation needed] The two individual audio modulation frequencies and their associated sidebands are 90 and 150 Hz. The DDM for a localizer at the outer extremity of the course sector is 15.5% or an electric current equivalent of 150 microamperes full scale deflection.