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D-VOR/DME ground station DME antenna beside the DME transponder shelter. In aviation, distance measuring equipment (DME) is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz).
With VOR/DME, measurement from a single station reveals an angle and range, which can be easily drawn on a chart. Using a system based on two angles, as an example, requires two measurements at different frequencies (or using two radios) and then the angles plotted from both on a single chart which may be difficult in a cramped cockpit.
Deployment of VOR and DME (1950) began in 1949 by the U.S. CAA (Civil Aeronautics Administration). ICAO standardized VOR and DME (1950) in 1950 in ICAO Annex ed.1. [4] Frequencies for the use of VOR are standardized in the very high frequency (VHF) band between 108.00 and 117.95 MHz [5] Chapter 3, Table A. To improve azimuth accuracy of VOR ...
It operates in the UHF frequency band 962-1213 MHz, utilizing a pulse-pair transponder system not dissimilar to that of secondary surveillance RADAR. Interrogating aircraft transmit in the 1024-1150 MHz band, split into 1 MHz channels numbered 1-126; the responding station (ground, ship, or another aircraft) is 63 MHz (63 channels) above or ...
NDBs typically operate in the frequency range from 190 kHz to 535 kHz (although they are allocated frequencies from 190 to 1750 kHz) and transmit a carrier modulated by either 400 or 1020 Hz. NDBs can also be collocated with a DME in a similar installation for the ILS as the outer marker, only in this case, they function as the inner marker.
Non-directional beacons (NDB)s operate on low frequency and medium frequency bands 190–415 kHz and 510–535 kHz. The instrument landing system (ILS) glide path operates in the UHF range of 329.3–335.0 MHz with marker beacons at 75 MHz. Distance measuring equipment (DME) also uses UHF from 962 to 1150 MHz. [2]
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The 1090 MHz frequency (paired with 1030 MHz) is also used by Mode S transponders, which ADS-B augments when operated at this frequency. The TCAS system also utilizes the 1030/1090 MHz paired frequencies. ADS-B information can also be broadcast on the L band frequency of 978 MHz. DME and TACAN systems are also in this frequency band.
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