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The Swiss coordinate system (or Swiss grid) is a geographic coordinate system used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein for maps and surveying by the Swiss Federal Office of Topography . A first coordinate system was introduced in 1903 under the name LV03 ( Landesvermessung 1903 , German for “land survey 1903”), based on the Mercator projection ...
Blue Marble's first software product, the Geographic Calculator, [2] was developed in 1992 and released in 1993. The Geographic Calculator is a coordinate conversion library with a database of coordinate mathematical objects including projections , coordinate systems, datums, ellipsoids, linear and angular units.
The tz database partitions the world into regions where local clocks all show the same time. This map was made by combining version 2023d with OpenStreetMap data, using open source software. [1] This is a list of time zones from release 2025a of the tz database. [2]
In geodesy, conversion among different geographic coordinate systems is made necessary by the different geographic coordinate systems in use across the world and over time. Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation ...
TT differs from Geocentric Coordinate Time (TCG) by a constant rate. Formally it is defined by the equation = +, where TT and TCG are linear counts of SI seconds in Terrestrial Time and Geocentric Coordinate Time respectively, is the constant difference in the rates of the two time scales, and is a constant to resolve the epochs (see below).
The electrical telegraph was introduced in Switzerland in 1851, which allowed near real-time communication, especially amongst post offices.By July 1853, all telegraph and post offices across Switzerland were using Bernese time, [2] a local mean time measured from the Zytglogge clocktower [3] at UTC+00:29:45.5.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Time on a ship's clocks and in a ship's log had to be stated along with a "zone description", which was the number of hours to be added to zone time to obtain GMT, hence zero in the Greenwich time zone, with negative numbers from −1 to −12 for time zones to the east and positive numbers from +1 to +12 to the west (hours, minutes, and ...