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  2. Java ConcurrentMap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_ConcurrentMap

    For unordered access as defined in the java.util.Map interface, the java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap implements java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap. [2] The mechanism is a hash access to a hash table with lists of entries, each entry holding a key, a value, the hash, and a next reference.

  3. Comparison of programming languages (associative array)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    A hash variable is marked by a % sigil, to distinguish it from scalar, array, and other data types. A hash literal is a key-value list, with the preferred form using Perl's => token, which is semantically mostly identical to the comma and makes the key-value association clearer:

  4. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    This example is in Smalltalk, of a typical accessor method to return the value of a variable using lazy initialization. height ^ height ifNil: [ height := 2.0 ] . The 'non-lazy' alternative is to use an initialization method that is run when the object is created and then use a simpler accessor method to fetch the value.

  5. Hash table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

    Java programming language includes the HashSet, HashMap, LinkedHashSet, and LinkedHashMap generic collections. [54] Python's built-in dict implements a hash table in the form of a type. [55] Ruby's built-in Hash uses the open addressing model from Ruby 2.4 onwards. [56] Rust programming language includes HashMap, HashSet as part of the Rust ...

  6. Hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

    The meaning of "small enough" depends on the size of the type that is used as the hashed value. For example, in Java, the hash code is a 32-bit integer. Thus the 32-bit integer Integer and 32-bit floating-point Float objects can simply use the value directly, whereas the 64-bit integer Long and 64-bit floating-point Double cannot.

  7. Initialization (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_(programming)

    Initialization is done either by statically embedding the value at compile time, or else by assignment at run time. A section of code that performs such initialization is generally known as "initialization code" and may include other, one-time-only, functions such as opening files; in object-oriented programming , initialization code may be ...

  8. Criticism of Java - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Java

    Value types can sometimes be faster and smaller than classes with references. [12] [13] [14] For example, Java's HashMap is implemented as an array of references to HashMap.Entry objects, [15] which in turn contain references to key and value objects. Looking something up requires inefficient double dereferencing.

  9. Universal hashing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_hashing

    For any fixed set of keys, using a universal family guarantees the following properties.. For any fixed in , the expected number of keys in the bin () is /.When implementing hash tables by chaining, this number is proportional to the expected running time of an operation involving the key (for example a query, insertion or deletion).