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By sharing knowledge, the employees feel satisfied and with the new knowledge it can increase the organizations innovation activities. [8] According to the two-factor theory, there are four possible combinations: [9] High hygiene + high motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints.
Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
Frederick Irving Herzberg (April 18, 1923 – January 19, 2000 [1]) was an American psychologist who became one of the most influential names in business management. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He is most famous for introducing job enrichment and the Motivator-Hygiene theory .
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]
In general, Theory X style managers believe their employees are less intelligent, lazier, and work solely for a sustainable income. Management believes employees' work is based on their own self-interest. [6] Managers who believe employees operate in this manner are more likely to use rewards or punishments as motivation. [6]
A key idea of equity theory is that people are motivated to reduce perceived inequity. This is especially the case if they feel that they receive less rewards than others. For example, if an employee has the impression that they work longer than their co-workers while receiving the same salary, this may motivate them to ask for a raise. [133]
Image source: The Motley Fool. Marathon Petroleum (NYSE: MPC) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Feb 04, 2025, 11:00 a.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call Participants
Job characteristics theory is a theory of work design.It provides “a set of implementing principles for enriching jobs in organizational settings”. [1] The original version of job characteristics theory proposed a model of five “core” job characteristics (i.e. skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) that affect five work-related outcomes (i.e ...