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The Code was thought to be the earliest Mesopotamian law collection when it was rediscovered in 1902—for example, C. H. W. Johns' 1903 book was titled The Oldest Code of Laws in the World. [31] The English writer H. G. Wells included Hammurabi in the first volume of The Outline of History , and to Wells too the Code was "the earliest known ...
The upper part of the stele of Hammurabi's code of laws. The legal code was a common feature of the legal systems of the ancient Middle East. Many of them are examples of cuneiform law. The oldest evidence of a code of law was found at Ebla, in modern Syria (c. 2400 BC). [1]
Cuneiform law refers to any of the legal codes written in cuneiform script that were developed and used throughout the ancient Middle East among the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Elamites, Hurrians, Kassites, and Hittites. [1] The Code of Hammurabi is the best-known of the cuneiform laws, but there were a number of precursor laws. [1]
It is not the earliest surviving law code [25] [b] but was proved more influential in world politics and international relations [27] [28] as instead of focusing on compensating the victim of crime, as in earlier Sumerian law codes, the Code of Hammurabi instead focused on physically punishing the perpetrator. [28]
As cuneiform law, it is a legal code written in cuneiform script in the Sumerian language. [2] [3] It is the second-oldest known extant legal code after the Code of Ur-Nammu. As it is more detailed than that earlier code, it paved the way for the famous later Code of Hammurabi. [4]
Although it is known that earlier law-codes existed, such as the Code of Urukagina, this represents the earliest extant legal text. It is three centuries older than the Code of Hammurabi . The laws are arranged in casuistic form of IF (crime) THEN (punishment)—a pattern followed in nearly all later codes.
Fragment of the Code of Hammurabi.One of the most important institutions of Mesopotamia and the ancient world. It was a compilation of previous laws (Code of Ur-Namma, Code of Ešnunna) that were shaped and renewed in the time of Hammurabi and was made to be embodied in cuneiform script on sculptures and rocks in all public places throughout the ancient Babylonian state, heir to the Akkadian ...
The Code of Hammurabi provides evidence that women in these societies had limited rights when it came to divorce, fertility, property, and sex. A way to examine the legal status of women under The Code of Hammurabi is by looking at the laws pertaining to inheritance.