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  2. Electroless nickel-boron plating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroless_nickel-boron...

    Electroless nickel-boron coating (often called NiB coating) is a metal plating process that can create a layer of a nickel-boron alloy on the surface of a solid substrate, like metal or plastic. The process involves dipping the substrate in a water solution containing nickel salt and a boron-containing reducing agent , such as an ...

  3. Electroless deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroless_deposition

    Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [20]

  4. Electroless nickel-phosphorus plating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroless_nickel...

    Molecular model of sodium hypophosphite, the usual reducing agent in electroless nickel-phosphorus plating. The main ingredients of an electroless nickel plating bath are source of nickel cations Ni 2+, usually nickel sulfate and a suitable reducing agent, such as hypophosphite H 2 PO − 2 or borohydride BH − 4. [1]

  5. Titanium (III) chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium(III)_chloride

    TiCl 3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride.Older reduction methods used hydrogen: [4]. 2 TiCl 4 + H 2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl 3. It can also be produced by the reaction of titanium metal and hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed at room temperature, as titanium is passivated against most mineral acids by a thin surface layer of titanium dioxide.

  6. Nickel boride catalyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_boride_catalyst

    The P-1 and P-2 "nickel boride" catalyst have been suggested to be amorphous compounds, composed of nickel bonded to individual boron centres. [11] However, that structure was later found to be incorrect. An X-ray diffraction analysis of P-1 by L. Hofer and others in 1964 indicated that the nickel and boron contents were in 2.5:1 ratio, but

  7. Transition metal chloride complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal_chloride...

    "Nickel dichloride hexahydrate" consists of the chloride complex trans-[NiCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 plus water of crystallization. As indicated in the table below, many hydrates of metal chlorides are molecular complexes. [78] [79] These compounds are often important commercial sources of transition metal chlorides. Several hydrated metal chlorides are ...

  8. Organotitanium chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotitanium_chemistry

    Titanium is capable of forming complexes with high coordination numbers. In terms of oxidation states, most organotitanium chemistry, in solution at least, focuses on derivatives of titanium in the oxidation states of +3 and +4. Compounds of titanium in the +2 oxidation state are rarer, examples being titanocene dicarbonyl and Ti(CH 3) 2 2.

  9. Titanium compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_compounds

    The +4 oxidation state dominates titanium chemistry, [1] but compounds in the +3 oxidation state are also numerous. [2] Commonly, titanium adopts an octahedral coordination geometry in its complexes, [3] [4] but tetrahedral TiCl 4 is a notable exception. Because of its high oxidation state, titanium(IV) compounds exhibit a high degree of ...