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Electroless nickel-boron plating developed as a variant of the similar nickel-phosphorus process, discovered accidentally by Charles Adolphe Wurtz in 1844. [2]In 1969, Harold Edward Bellis from DuPont filed a patent for a general class of electroless plating processes using sodium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, or sodium hypophosphite, in the presence of thallium salts, thus producing a ...
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [20]
Before plating, the surface of the material must be thoroughly cleaned. Unwanted solids left on the surface cause poor plating. Cleaning is usually achieved by a series of chemical baths, including non-polar solvents to remove oils and greases, as well as acids and alkalis to remove oxides, insoluble organics, and other surface contaminants.
3 B with the cementite structure, stable at least up to 750 C. No trace of the true dinickel boride Ni 2 B was seen. The authors concluded that P-1 was an intimate mixture of metallic nickel and some amorphous boron-containing compound. [3] The true structure of these "nickel borides" was elucidated only in 2007. They consist of small grains of ...
Nickel chloride NiCl 2 is yellow, crystallising in the cadmium chloride structure. It can form a hexahydrate, NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, a tetrahydrate NiCl 2 ·4H 2 O over 29 °C and a dihydrate, NiCl 2 ·2H 2 O over 64 °C. [3] Ammine complexes like hexaamminenickel chloride also exist. Nickel bromide NiBr 2 is yellow, also crystallising in
TiCl 3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride.Older reduction methods used hydrogen: [4]. 2 TiCl 4 + H 2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl 3. It can also be produced by the reaction of titanium metal and hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed at room temperature, as titanium is passivated against most mineral acids by a thin surface layer of titanium dioxide.
Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl 2. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. [ 2 ] Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H 2 .
Neptunium(IV) chloride – NpCl 4; Nickel(II) chloride – NiCl 2; Niobium oxide trichloride – NbOCl 3; Niobium(IV) chloride – NbCl 4; Niobium(V) chloride – NbCl 5; Nitrogen trichloride – NCl 3; Nitrosyl chloride – NOCl; Nitryl chloride – NO 2 Cl; Osmium(III) chloride – OsCl 3; Palladium(II) chloride – PdCl 2; Perchloric acid ...
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