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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
Inherited traits are controlled by genes and the complete set of genes within an organism's genome is called its genotype. [2] The complete set of observable traits of the structure and behavior of an organism is called its phenotype. These traits arise from the interaction of the organism's genotype with the environment. [3]
Example of a pedigree chart using Ahnentafel numbering. A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes [jargon] of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next, [1] [2] [3] [unreliable source?] most commonly humans, show dogs, and race horses.
The insecticide kills insects that eat the plants but is harmless to people. [20] In these plants, the new genes are put into the plant before it is grown, so the genes are in every part of the plant, including its seeds. [21] The plant's offspring inherit the new genes, which has led to concern about the spread of new traits into wild plants. [22]
The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding. [7] [8] The modern science of genetics, seeking to understand this process, began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century.
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It ranges widely, from the number of species to differences within species, and can be correlated to the span of survival for a species. [1] It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to ...
Classical genetics is the aspect of genetics concerned solely with the transmission of genetic traits via reproductive acts. Genetics is, generally, the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity. The process by which characteristics are passed down from parents to their offspring is called heredity.
The genetic code (the "translation table" according to which DNA information is translated into amino acids, and hence proteins) is nearly identical for all known lifeforms, from bacteria and archaea to animals and plants. The universality of this code is generally regarded by biologists as definitive evidence in favor of universal common descent.
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