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Occasionally this caching scheme goes awry (e.g. the browser insists on showing out-of-date content) making it necessary to bypass the cache, thus forcing your browser to re-download a web page's complete, up-to-date content. This is sometimes referred to as a "hard refresh", "cache refresh", or "uncached reload".
Pages in the page cache modified after being brought in are called dirty pages. [5] Since non-dirty pages in the page cache have identical copies in secondary storage (e.g. hard disk drive or solid-state drive), discarding and reusing their space is much quicker than paging out application memory, and is often preferred over flushing the dirty pages into secondary storage and reusing their space.
A forward cache is a cache outside the web server's network, e.g. in the client's web browser, in an ISP, or within a corporate network. [3] A network-aware forward cache only caches heavily accessed items. [4] A proxy server sitting between the client and web server can evaluate HTTP headers and choose whether to store web content.
If the web application exceeds more than one page then each page must have a manifest attribute that points to the cache manifest. Every page referencing the manifest will be stored locally. [6] The cache manifest file is a text file located in another part of the server. It must be served with content type text/cache-manifest [7]
.xlsx – Excel workbook.xlsm – Excel macro-enabled workbook; same as xlsx but may contain macros and scripts.xltx – Excel template.xltm – Excel macro-enabled template; same as xltx but may contain macros and scripts; Other formats Microsoft Excel uses dedicated file formats that are not part of OOXML, and use the following extensions:
The Wayback Machine is a service which can be used to cite archived copies of web pages used by articles. This is useful if a web page has changed, moved, or disappeared; links to the original content can be retained. This process can be performed automatically, using the web interface for User:InternetArchiveBot.
A web crawler collects the contents of a web page, which is then indexed by a web search engine. The search engine might make the copy accessible to users. Web crawlers that obey restrictions in robots.txt [2] or meta tags [3] by the site webmaster may not make a cached copy available to search engine users if instructed not to.
Meta refresh is a method of instructing a web browser to automatically refresh the current web page or frame after a given time interval, using an HTML meta element with the http-equiv parameter set to "refresh" and a content parameter giving the time interval in seconds.