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Foamy macrophages are also found in diseases caused by pathogens that persist in the body, such as Chlamydia, Toxoplasma, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In tuberculosis (TB), bacterial lipids disable macrophages from pumping out excess LDL, causing them to turn into foam cells around the TB granulomas in the lung. The cholesterol forms a rich ...
A signet ring-like foamy macrophage, which may mimic a cancer cell, but the texture of the nucleus is similar to that of a normal macrophage. High magnification micrograph showing signet ring cells , with clear cytoplasm, in metastatic breast carcinoma .
The foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin are positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68 as pointed out by Nakashiro et al. in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis). [20] Many T lymphocytes were identified by these authors positive to CD4 and CD8. Macrophages and T lymphocytes demonstrated a marked expression of HLA-DR antigen.
They have reparative behavior and by using IL-6, a cytokine, these cells are activated and able to perform tissue repair. Although the specific fusion molecule associated with fusing macrophages to form Touton giant cells is not very well understood, it seems as though there is an association to the activated of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). [12]
The granulomatous tissue largely comprises foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68. Neutrophils, hemorrhagic foci and numerous plasma cells are additional findings.
Also known as xanthelasmatic giant cells, Touton giant cells consist of fused epithelioid macrophages and have multiple nuclei. They are characterized by the ring-shaped arrangement of their nuclei and the presence of foamy cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Touton giant cells have been observed in lipid-laden lesions such as fat necrosis.
However, the term histiocyte has been used for multiple purposes in the past, and some cells called "histocytes" do not appear to derive from monocytic-macrophage lines. [3] The term Histiocyte can also simply refer to a cell from monocyte origin outside the blood system, such as in a tissue (as in rheumatoid arthritis as palisading histiocytes ...
Through the release of Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Interleukin 13 (IL-13) by TH2, or T helper cells, and mast cells, these macrophages can fuse to form foreign body giant cells. [1] [4] The macrophages are initially attracted to the injury/infection site through a variety of chemoattractants like growth factors, platelet factors, and interleukins. [4]