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Caudate lobe enlargement is often present. The majority of patients have a slower-onset form of Budd–Chiari syndrome. This can be painless. A system of venous collaterals may form around the occlusion which may be seen on imaging as a "spider's web". Patients may progress to cirrhosis and show signs of liver failure. [5]
The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the undersurface of the right lobe. The caudate lobe has a complex blood supply system. It derives its arterial supply from the caudate arteries, which arise from the right, left, and middle ...
Caudate lobe hypertrophy on ultrasound due to cirrhosis Hepatofugal (non-forward) flow in portal vein. The diagnosis of cirrhosis in an individual is based on multiple factors. [33] Cirrhosis may be suspected from laboratory findings, physical exam, and the person's medical history. Imaging is generally obtained to evaluate the liver. [33]
In lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy, and surgery is an option in specific situations. Meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine is used in some cases. [23] In primary biliary cirrhosis, ursodeoxycholic acid helps the bloodstream remove bile, which may increase survival. [24]
A less common, but more serious complication, is hepatic ischemia causing acute liver failure. While healthy livers are predominantly oxygenated by portal blood supply, long-standing portal hypertension results in compensatory hypertrophy of and increased reliance on the hepatic artery for oxygenation.
The liver is grossly divided into two parts when viewed from above – a right and a left lobe – and four parts when viewed from below (left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes). [16] The falciform ligament makes a superficial division of the liver into a left and right lobe. From below, the two additional lobes are located between the right ...
For these individuals, the first treatment of choice is the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The only curative treatment is a liver transplant. Additionally, treatment involves addressing the underlying cause of the liver disease, such as alcohol use or viral hepatitis. [6] Treatment flowchart for hepatic hydrothorax
Treatment is directed largely to removing the cause, or, where that is impossible, to modifying effects of the heart failure. [5] Thus, therapy aimed at improving right heart function will also improve congestive hepatopathy.