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Saturated unit weight The unit weight of a soil when all void spaces of the soil are completely filled with water, with no air. The formula for saturated unit weight is: = (+) + where γ s is the saturated unit weight of the material; γ w is the unit weight of water; G s is the specific gravity of the solid
When the drying process is complete, the sample's weight is compared to its weight before drying, and the difference is used to calculate the sample's original moisture content. Gravimetric water content, u , is calculated [ 4 ] via the mass of water m w {\displaystyle m_{w}} :
g w is the unit weight of water (kN/m 3), = / d w is the depth of the water table (m), and the pore pressure at depth, z, below the surface is: = (), where: p u is the unsaturated pore water pressure (Pa) at point, z, below ground level, z is depth below ground level.
Table of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) values found in nature a table showing ranges of values of hydraulic conductivity and permeability for various geological materials Values are for typical fresh groundwater conditions — using standard values of viscosity and specific gravity for water at 20 °C and 1 atm.
The density of air or atmospheric density, denoted ρ, [1] is the mass per unit volume of Earth's atmosphere. Air density, like air pressure, decreases with increasing altitude. It also changes with variations in atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity.
The analysis here shows the simple unattributed formula and the Antoine equation are reasonably accurate at 100 °C, but quite poor for lower temperatures above freezing. Tetens is much more accurate over the range from 0 to 50 °C and very competitive at 75 °C, but Antoine's is superior at 75 °C and above.
At 15.6 °C (60.1 °F), the density of a saturated solution is 0.88 g/ml; it contains 35.6% ammonia by mass, 308 grams of ammonia per litre of solution, and has a molarity of approximately 18 mol/L. At higher temperatures, the molarity of the saturated solution decreases and the density increases. [ 8 ]
= ratio molecular weight of water vapor/dry air = 0.622. Both and are constants. Since atmospheric pressure, P, depends upon altitude, so does . At higher altitude water evaporates and boils at lower temperature.