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In the eighteenth century, when the people were primarily organized by clans and towns, they would appoint a leader for negotiations with the Europeans. They called him Uku, or "First Beloved Man". The title of "Principal Chief" was created in 1794, when the Cherokee began to formalize a more centralized political structure.
In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall acknowledged that the Cherokee were a sovereign nation, stating, "[T]he Cherokees as a state, as a distinct political society, separated from others, capable of managing its own affairs and governing itself, has, in the opinion of a majority of the judges, been completely successful."
The Cherokee were also allied with the English and the Yamasee, and Catawba in late 1712 and early 1713, against the Tuscarora in the Second Tuscarora War. Following their defeat, most of the Tuscarora, another Iroquoian-language tribe, migrated north to New York. By 1722 they had been accepted as the 6th Nation in the League of the Iroquois.
Various leaders were periodically appointed (by mutual consent of the towns) to represent the towns or bands to French, British and, later, United States authorities as was needed. The Cherokee knew this leader as "First Beloved Man" [7] —or Uku. The English had translated this as "chief".
On March 7, 2006, the Cherokee Nation Judicial Appeal Tribunal ruled that the Cherokee Freedmen were eligible for Cherokee citizenship. This ruling proved controversial; while the Cherokee Freedman had historically been recorded as "citizens" of the Cherokee Nation at least since 1866 and the later Dawes Commission Land Rolls, the ruling "did ...
These three leaders were among those who urged their people to acculturate to European-American ways, in order to succeed in a rapidly changing world. An increasing number of European Americans were entering their territory. Hicks supported a Moravian mission school in Cherokee territory in order to formally educate the tribe's children. He ...
The Cherokee Braves Flag, as flown by Cherokee General Stand Watie.. Chief of the Cherokee John Ross was adamant that the Union was not dissolved. However, another leader of the Cherokee, Stand Watie, joined the Confederate cause, and on June 1, 1861, began recruiting for all-Indian units that became part of the Confederate army.
The Ridge, later known as Major Ridge (c. 1771 – 22 June 1839; known in Cherokee as Nunnehidihi, and later Ganundalegi [ᎦᏅᏓᏞᎩ] [1]) was a Cherokee leader, a member of the tribal council, and a lawmaker.