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This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
India's foreign exchange reserves consists of its holdings in major currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, and yen. India also holds a significant amount of gold, which serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF, these can be used to supplement reserves.
Reserve Bank of India. 2001. Archived from the original on 2019-11-10; 1981-2018: "Table 139 : Exchange Rate of the Indian Rupee vis-à-vis the Sdr, US Dollar, Pound Sterling, D.m./Euro and Japanese Yen (Calendar Year - Annual Average)". Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy (2019). Reserve Bank of India. 2019-09-15. Archived from the ...
Japanese yen denominated paper currency was also conceived with the coins in 1870 as Meiji Tsuho notes by Italian engraver Edoardo Chiossone. [32] These were released as fiat currency in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 yen along with subsidiary notes of 10, 20, and 50 sen in 1872.
In 1946, following the Second World War, Japan removed the old currency (旧円券) and introduced the "New Yen" (新円券). [1] Meanwhile, American occupation forces used a parallel system, called B yen, from 1945 to 1958. Since then, together with the economic expansion of Japan, the yen has become one of the major currencies of the world. [9]
A reserve currency is a foreign currency that is held in significant quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange reserves. [citation needed] The reserve currency can be used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy.
At the end of 1969, the Indian Rupee was trading at around 13 British pre-decimal pence (1s 1d), or Rs. 18 = £1. A decade later, by 1979, it was trading at around 6 British new pence (6p). Finally, by the end of 1989, the Indian Rupee had plunged to a then-all-time low of about four British pence (4p).
The Indian government introduced the Gulf rupee as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act of 1 May 1959. [105] The creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain on India's foreign reserves from gold smuggling.