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The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum , among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [ 1 ]
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H 2 C O 3. ... These chemical species play an important role in the bicarbonate buffer system, ...
The bicarbonate buffer, consisting of a mixture of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) and a bicarbonate (HCO − 3) salt in solution, is the most abundant buffer in the extracellular fluid, and it is also the buffer whose acid-to-base ratio can be changed very easily and rapidly. [15]
Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications. For example, besides buffers being used in lab processes, human blood acts as a buffer to maintain pH. The most important buffer in our bloodstream is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, which prevents drastic pH changes when CO 2 is introduced.
Most carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. One of the buffer systems present in the body is the blood plasma buffering system. This is formed from , carbonic acid, working in conjunction with [HCO − 3], bicarbonate, to form the bicarbonate system. [10]
Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates to form bicarbonate Ions (HCO 3 −) and a hydrogen ion (H +). In response to the decrease in intracellular pCO 2, more CO 2 passively diffuses into the cell. Cell membranes are generally impermeable to charged ions (i.e. H +, HCO 3 −) but RBCs are able to exchange bicarbonate for chloride using ...
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate [2]) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula H C O − 3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. [3]
Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”