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Physiological shunts, occur due to the effect of gravity. The highest concentration of blood in the pulmonary circulation occurs in the bases of the pulmonary tree compared to the highest pressure of gas in the apexes of the lungs. Alveoli may not be ventilated in shallow breathing. Shunting may also occur in disease states:
G-LOC, or g-force induced loss of consciousness, is a special case of ischemic hypoxia which occurs when the body is subjected to high enough acceleration sustained for long enough to lower cerebral blood pressure and circulation to the point where loss of consciousness occurs due to cerebral hypoxia. The human body is most sensitive to ...
The signs and symptoms of hypovolemia are primarily due to the consequences of decreased circulating volume and a subsequent reduction in the amount of blood reaching the tissues of the body. [9] In order to properly perform their functions, tissues require the oxygen transported in the blood. [10]
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. [1] Bleeding can occur internally , or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth , nose , ear , urethra , vagina or anus , or through a puncture in the skin .
Although not officially classified as a subcategory of shock, many endocrinological disturbances in their severe form can result in shock. [citation needed] Hypothyroidism (can be considered a form of cardiogenic shock) in people who are critically ill patients reduces cardiac output and can lead to hypotension and respiratory insufficiency.
Transfusion dependent anemia is a form of anemia where ongoing blood transfusion are required. [91] Most people with myelodysplastic syndrome develop this state at some point in time. [92] Beta thalassemia may also result in transfusion dependence. [93] [94] Concerns from repeated blood transfusions include iron overload. [92]
Typically, dementia is associated with classic symptoms like confusion and memory loss. But new research finds that there could be a less obvious risk factor out there: your cholesterol levels ...
Brain ischemia is insufficient blood flow to the brain, and can be acute or chronic. Acute ischemic stroke is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. [15] Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia. [16]