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The structural differences between plant and animal cells have resulted in a variety of transmission routes being exploited, enabling the virus to be passed between different host plants. The main difference, from the point of view of a virus, is the cell wall .
Plant virus transmission strategies in insect vectors. Plant viruses need to be transmitted by a vector, most often insects such as leafhoppers. One class of viruses, the Rhabdoviridae, has been proposed to actually be insect viruses that have evolved to replicate in plants. The chosen insect vector of a plant virus will often be the ...
Caulimoviruses achieve entry into plant cells via damaged tissues, transmission via an animal vector (aphid insects) and seeds passed down to generations.Plant cells do not possess receptors like animal cells that would allow the virus to enter and since plant cells are thick, viruses achieve entry as aforementioned.
Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. [6] In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. [7] A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne.
The virus can be efficiently transmitted during the adult stages. This virus transmission has a short acquisition access period of 15–20 minutes, and latent period of 8–24 hours. In this plant-virus and vector system, females are more effective than males transmitting the virus. [1]
The electrical penetration graph or EPG is a system used by biologists to study the interaction of insects such as aphids, thrips, and leafhoppers with plants. Therefore, it can also be used to study the basis of plant virus transmission, host plant selection by insects and the way in which insects can find and feed from the phloem of the plant.
One of the reasons for this is that the wide host range allows the viruses to successfully overseason from one crop to the next. To prevent spread of the virus infected plants should be immediately removed away from neighbouring plants. Control of insects, especially thrips, is important to reduce spread of the virus by vectors.
In non-persistent transmission, viruses become attached to the distal tip of the stylet in the insect's mouthparts, so that the next plant it feeds on is inoculated with the virus. [19] The virus does not affect the seed that produces a bulb, only the bulb itself, its leaves and blooms, and its daughter offsets.