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Image of CD4 co-receptor binding to MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) non-polymorphic region. In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). CD4 is found on the surface of immune cells such as helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Boehme et al. demonstrated this interesting dual outcome by blocking the binding of CD4 to MHC-II which prevented the programmed cell death reaction that active T-cells typically display. [6] The CD4 receptor is composed of four concatamerized Ig-like domains and is anchored to the cell membrane by a single transmembrane domain.
Exposed on the surface of the viral envelope, the glycoprotein gp120 binds to the CD4 receptor on any target cell that has such a receptor, particularly the helper T-cell. Strains of HIV-1 have been isolated that are able to enter host cells that are CD4 negative. This CD4-independence is associated with spontaneous mutation in the env gene.
CD4 immunoadhesin was first developed in the mid-1990s as a potential therapeutic agent and treatment for HIV/AIDS. The protein is a fusion of the extracellular domain of the CD4 receptor and the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant antibody isotype in the human body. [1]
HLA-A projected away from the cell surface and presenting a peptide sequence. The peptide-MHC complex presents a surface that looks like an altered self to the TCR. [11] The surface consisting of two α helices from the MHC and a bound peptide sequence is projected away from the host cell to the T cells, whose TCRs are projected away from the T cells towards the host cells.
(Reuters) -A state funeral for Jimmy Carter, the former U.S. president who died on Sunday at the age of 100, will be held at the Washington National Cathedral on Jan. 9, according to the U.S. Army ...
The binding of the antigen-MHC to the TCR complex and CD4 may also help the APC and the T h cell adhere during T h cell activation, but the integrin protein LFA-1 on the T cell and ICAM on the APC are the primary molecules of adhesion in this cell interaction. [citation needed]
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