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Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia, being 948 km (589 mi) long, and 25 to 170 km (16 to 106 mi) wide, with an area of 72,492 km 2 (27,989 sq mi). [2] It lies at similar latitudes to England, Wales and Ireland. Its orography and geological structure are imperfectly known. One theory is that Sakhalin arose from the Sakhalin Island Arc. [58]
The Nivkh, or Gilyak (also Nivkhs or Nivkhi, or Gilyaks; ethnonym: Нивхгу, Nʼivxgu (Amur) or Ниғвңгун, Nʼiɣvŋgun (E. Sakhalin) "the people"), [3] are an Indigenous ethnic group inhabiting the northern half of Sakhalin Island and the lower Amur River and coast on the adjacent Russian mainland.
There are several dozen people on Sakhalin Island who identify themselves as Sakhalin Ainu, but many more have unacknowledged partial Ainu ancestry. Most of the 888 Japanese who live in Russian territory (2010 Census) are of mixed Japanese and Ainu ancestry, though they generally do not claim it, since full Japanese ancestry gives them the ...
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblast', IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi).
It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. [10] Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. It was called Vladimirovka ( Влади́мировка ) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara ( Japanese : 豊原市 , Hepburn : Toyohara-shi ) during its period of Imperial ...
Oral history records Ainu displacement of a people in central Sakhalin that they called the Tonchi, who, based on toponymic evidence, were Nivkh. [4] After World War II, when Sakhalin came under Soviet control, all but 100 of the Ainu living in Sakhalin were deported to Japan. The last Ainu household on the island died out in the 1960s. [5]
Sakhalin Koreans (Korean: 사할린 한인; Russian: Сахалинские корейцы, romanized: Sakhalinskiye koreytsy) are Russian citizens and residents of Korean descent living on Sakhalin Island, who can trace their roots to the immigrants from the Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces of Korea during the late 1930s and early 1940s, the latter half of the Japanese ruling era.
The northern part of the island was called Kita Karafuto (北樺太, North Karafuto) or simply Sagaren (薩哈嗹). In Russian, the entire island was named Sakhalin or Saghalien. It is from Manchu sahaliyan ula angga hada, meaning "peak of the mouth of Amur River". The southern part was simply called Yuzhny Sakhalin ("South Sakhalin").