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For example, the reciprocal of 5 is one fifth (1/5 or 0.2), and the reciprocal of 0.25 is 1 divided by 0.25, or 4. The reciprocal function, the function f(x) that maps x to 1/x, is one of the simplest examples of a function which is its own inverse (an involution). Multiplying by a number is the same as dividing by its reciprocal and vice versa ...
Rules for calculating the periods of repeating decimals from rational fractions were given by James Whitbread Lee Glaisher in 1878. [5] For a prime p, the period of its reciprocal divides p − 1. [6] The sequence of recurrence periods of the reciprocal primes (sequence A002371 in the OEIS) appears in the 1973 Handbook of Integer Sequences.
A pentatope number is a number in the fifth cell of any row of Pascal's triangle starting with the five-term row 1 4 6 4 1 . The sum of the reciprocals of the pentatope numbers is 4 / 3 . Sylvester's sequence is an integer sequence in which each member of the sequence is the product of the previous members, plus one.
Then if we denote the lengths of the parallel sides as a and b and half the length of the segment through the diagonal intersection as c, the sum of the reciprocals of a and b equals the reciprocal of c. [4] The special case in which the integers whose reciprocals are taken must be square numbers appears in two ways in the context of right ...
The proof is due to Ivan Niven, [4] adapted from the product expansion idea of Euler. In the following, a sum or product taken over p always represents a sum or product taken over a specified set of primes. The proof rests upon the following four inequalities:
t 2 = 6 is the modular multiplicative inverse of 5 × 11 (mod 7) and t 3 = 6 is the modular multiplicative inverse of 5 × 7 (mod 11). Thus, X = 3 × (7 × 11) × 4 + 6 × (5 × 11) × 4 + 6 × (5 × 7) × 6 = 3504. and in its unique reduced form X ≡ 3504 ≡ 39 (mod 385) since 385 is the LCM of 5,7 and 11. Also, the modular multiplicative ...
Gauss published the first and second proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity on arts 125–146 and 262 of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae in 1801.. In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers.
A prime quadruplet is a pair of two twin prime pairs, separated by a distance of 4 (the smallest possible distance). The first prime quadruplets are (5, 7, 11, 13), (11, 13, 17, 19), (101, 103, 107, 109). Brun's constant for prime quadruplets, denoted by B 4, is the sum of the reciprocals of all prime quadruplets: