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A 2003 review of epidemiological studies of children found autism rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1; [145] combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS ...
A wide variety of postnatal contributors to autism have been proposed, including gastrointestinal or immune system abnormalities, allergies, and exposure of children to drugs, infection, certain foods, or heavy metals. The evidence for these risk factors is anecdotal and has not been confirmed by reliable studies.
Some are more comprehensive, such as the Pathogenetic Triad, which proposes and operationalizes three core features (an autistic personality, cognitive compensation, neuropathological burden) that interact to cause autism, [217] and the Intense World Theory, which explains autism through a hyper-active neurobiology that leads to an increased ...
Autism and memory. The relationship between autism and memory, specifically memory functions in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is an ongoing topic of research. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by social communication and interaction impairments, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.
Pathophysiology of autism. The pathophysiology of autism is the study of the physiological processes that cause or are otherwise associated with autism spectrum disorders. Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain. [1] How autism occurs is not yet well understood.
Diagnosis of autism. The diagnosis of autism is based on a person's reported and directly observed behavior. [ 1 ] There are no known biomarkers for autism spectrum conditions that allow for a conclusive diagnosis. [ 2 ] In most cases, diagnostic criteria codified in the World Health Organization 's International Classification of Diseases (ICD ...
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [ 1 ] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers ...
Classic autism, also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, (early) infantile autism, infantile psychosis, Kanner's autism, Kanner's syndrome, or (formerly) just autism, is a neurodevelopmental condition first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication ...