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Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of total homocysteine (that is, including homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine disulfide) in the blood, conventionally described as above 15 μmol/L. [ 1 ] As a consequence of the biochemical reactions in which homocysteine is involved, deficiencies of ...
Asthma-COPD overlap. Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overlap (ACO), also known as Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), is a chronic inflammatory, obstructive airway disease in which features of both asthma and COPD predominate. Asthma and COPD were once thought of as distinct entities; however, in some, there are clinical ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. [ 4 ] It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. [ 9 ][ 10 ] Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [ 3 ]
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [ 1 ] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [ 2 ] PND, as well as simple orthopnea, may be relieved by sitting upright at the side of the bed with legs ...
Reactive airway disease (RAD) is an informal label that physicians apply to patients with symptoms similar to those of asthma. [ 1 ] An exact definition of the condition does not exist. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Individuals who are typically labeled as having RAD generally have a history of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, and production of sputum that may or may ...
Cardiac asthma is the medical condition of intermittent wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath that is associated with underlying congestive heart failure (CHF). [1] Symptoms of cardiac asthma are related to the heart's inability to effectively and efficiently pump blood in a CHF patient. [ 2 ]
Chronic respiratory diseases are long-term diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. They are characterized by a high inflammatory cell recruitment (neutrophil) and/or destructive cycle of infection, (e.g. mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Some of the most common are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute ...