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The 12 founding member states of CERN in 1954. [13]The convention establishing CERN [14] was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe. [15] The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire ('European Council for Nuclear Research'), which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 ...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. [ 3 ]
After leaving CERN in late 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, Dorset. [29] He ran the company's technical side for three years. [30] The project he worked on was a "real-time remote procedure call" which gave him experience in computer networking. [29] In 1984, he returned to CERN as a fellow. [28]
Shortly after Berners-Lee's return to CERN, TCP/IP protocols were installed on Unix machines at the institution, turning it into the largest Internet site in Europe. In 1988, the first direct IP connection between Europe and North America was established and Berners-Lee began to openly discuss the possibility of a web-like system at CERN. [10]
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, [ 9 ][ 10 ] is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, [ 11 ][ 12 ] one of the fields in particle physics theory. [ 12 ] In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even ...
1947. Kaon (or K meson), the first strange particle, discovered by George Dixon Rochester and Clifford Charles Butler [ 17 ] 1950. Λ0 (or lambda baryon) discovered during a study of cosmic-ray interactions [ 18 ] 1955. Antiproton discovered by Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè, Clyde Wiegand, and Thomas Ypsilantis [ 19 ] 1956.
By the end of 1994, the total number of websites was 2,278, including several notable websites and many precursors of today's most popular services. [1] By the end of 1995, the number of websites had expanded significantly, with some 23,500 sites. [1] Thus, this list of websites founded before 1995 covers the early innovators. Of the 2,879 ...
The technology was released outside CERN to other research institutions starting in January 1991, and then to the whole Internet on 23 August 1991. The Web was a success at CERN, and began to spread to other scientific and academic institutions. Within the next two years, there were 50 websites created. [15] [16]