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Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive ...
The stomach's acidic pH and the subsequent alkalization in the intestine modifies the degree of ionization of acids and weak bases depending on a substance's pKa. [1] The pKa is the pH at which a substance is present at an equilibrium between ionized and non-ionized molecules. The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate pKa.
Combining a pharmaceutically active cation with a pharmaceutically active anion leads to a Dual Active ionic liquid in which the actions of two drugs are combined. [40] [41] ILs can extract specific compounds from plants for pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic applications, such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin from the plant Artemisia ...
In cell biology, ion trapping is the build-up of a higher concentration of a chemical across a cell membrane due to the pKa value of the chemical and difference of pH across the cell membrane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This results in basic chemicals accumulating in acidic bodily fluids such as the cytosol , and acidic chemicals accumulating in basic fluids.
Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place. Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be easily and significantly changed by adjusting factors that affect absorption.
The dissociation constant is commonly used to describe the affinity between a ligand (such as a drug) and a protein; i.e., how tightly a ligand binds to a particular protein. Ligand–protein affinities are influenced by non-covalent intermolecular interactions between the two molecules such as hydrogen bonding , electrostatic interactions ...
Also it provides a broad range sensitivity, simultaneous determination of multi-drug analytes and sufficient mass accuracy for formulation determination. [7] The DART ion source is a kind of gas-phase ionization, and it requires some sort of volatility of the analyte to support thermally assisted desorption of analyte ions. [14]
The action of drugs on the human body (or any other organism's body) is called pharmacodynamics, and the body's response to drugs is called pharmacokinetics. The drugs that enter an individual tend to stimulate certain receptors, ion channels, act on enzymes or transport proteins. As a result, they cause the human body to react in a specific way.