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Newborn infants are a special case. Plasma vitamin K is low at birth, even if the mother is supplemented during pregnancy, because the vitamin is not transported across the placenta. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants.
The Swedish National Food Agency recommends a daily intake of 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D 3 for children and adults up to 75 years, and 20 μg (800 IU) for adults 75 and older. [176] Non-government organisations in Europe have made their own recommendations. The German Society for Nutrition recommends 20 μg. [177]
The body's stores for different vitamins vary widely; vitamins A, D, and B 12 are stored in significant amounts, mainly in the liver, [20] and an adult's diet may be deficient in vitamins A and D for many months and B 12 in some cases for years, before developing a deficiency condition.
Owing to the extremely efficient enterohepatic circulation of B 12, the liver can store 3 to 5 years' worth of vitamin B 12; therefore, nutritional deficiency of this vitamin is rare in adults in the absence of malabsorption disorders. [12] In the absence of intrinsic factor or distal ileum receptors, only months to a year of vitamin B 12 are ...
Vitamin B 6 Drug class Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the metabolically active form of vitamin B 6 Class identifiers Use Vitamin B 6 deficiency ATC code A11H Biological target enzyme cofactor Clinical data Drugs.com International Drug Names External links MeSH D025101 Legal status In Wikidata Vitamin B 6 is one of the B vitamins, and is an essential nutrient for humans. The term essential nutrient ...
Vitamin B 12 cannot be produced by the human body, and must be obtained from the diet. [2] The body normally gets enough vitamin B 12 from the consumption of foods from animal sources. [2] Inadequate dietary intake of animal products such as eggs, meat, milk, fish, fowl (and some types of edible algae) can result in a deficiency state. [135]
Vitamin E deficiency in humans is a very rare condition, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism rather than from a diet low in vitamin E. [1] Collectively the EARs, RDAs, AIs and ULs for vitamin E and other essential nutrients are referred to as Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). [1]
The findings of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), conducted by the US Department of Education, provide a basis upon which to frame the nutrition literacy problem in the U.S. NAAL introduced the first-ever measure of "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information ...