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  2. Vivarana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarana

    Some of the main tenets of the Vivarana school are as follows: [3] "Karma is responsible for the rise of knowledge of the Self" [3] Knowledge of Brahman can be attained from the Upanishadic texts; Study of these texts is the main factor in gaining jnana, while reflection and meditation are only additional aids

  3. Advaita Vedanta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta

    The Bhamati school and the Vivarana school differed on the role of contemplation, but they both "deny the possibility of perceiving supersensuous knowledge through popular yoga techniques." [ 237 ] Later Advaita texts like the Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka (14th century) and Vedāntasara (of Sadananda) (15th century) added samādhi as a means to ...

  4. Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa

    [5] [2] It is also mentions that the year was the 25th regnal year of king Ravi Kulasekhara. [7] In the second verse of the vivarana Narayana remembers five major precessors in the field of mathematics (Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskara I, Govinda and Haridatta), including his possible master Govinda (c. 800 – c. 860 AD). [7]

  5. Panchikarana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchikarana

    [2] [3] The Chandogya Upanishad teaches the doctrine of tripartition (trivṛtkaraṇa) from which developed the Vedantic theory of pancikarana with regard to the creation of the transformed evolutes of the original elements. [4] This theory is also found narrated to Narada in the Srimad Devi Bhagavatam. [5]

  6. Vāchaspati Misra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vāchaspati_Misra

    Vāchaspati Misra was born into a Maithil Brahmin family in Andhra Tharhi, Madhubani, Bihar. [5] [3] Little is known about Vāchaspati Miśra's life, and the earliest text that has been dated with certainty is from 840 CE, and he was at least one generation younger than Adi Śaṅkara. [2]

  7. Vivekacūḍāmaṇi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekacūḍāmaṇi

    [2] The Vivekachudmani is one of several historic teaching manuals in the Advaita tradition, one of its most popular. Other texts that illustrate Advaita ideas in a manner broadly similar to the Vivekachudmani but are neither as comprehensive nor same, include Ekasloki , Svatmaprakasika , Manisapancaka , Nirvanamanjari , Tattvopadesa ...

  8. Madhusūdana Sarasvatī - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhusūdana_Sarasvatī

    Madhusūdana Sarasvatī (c.1540–1640) was an Indian philosopher in the Advaita Vedānta tradition and devotee of Krishna. [2] He was the disciple of Viśveśvara Sarasvatī and Mādhava Sarasvatī. Madhusūdana composed Advaitasiddhi , a line-by-line refutation of Nyayamṛta .

  9. Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy_in_the_medieval...

    Illustration from a transcript of Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi's book Al-mâ' al-waraqî (The Silvery Water), Islamic miniature probably from Baghdad, 608H/1211. Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world refers to both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by Muslim scholars in the ...