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A filesystem ACL is a data structure (usually a table) containing entries that specify individual user or group rights to specific system objects such as programs, processes, or files. These entries are known as access-control entries (ACEs) in the Microsoft Windows NT , [ 4 ] OpenVMS , and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux , macOS ...
Distinct permissions apply to the owner. Files and directories are assigned a group, which define the file's group class. Distinct permissions apply to members of the file's group. The owner may be a member of the file's group. Users who are not the owner, nor a member of the group, comprise a file's others class. Distinct permissions apply to ...
Permission 644, usually shown as rw-r--r--, gives the file owner full permission to read and write the file, while other users have read-only access. In some shells, the {} must be quoted. The trailing " ; " is customarily quoted with a leading " \ ", but could just as effectively be enclosed in single quotes.
Throughout this section, user refers to the owner of the file, as a reminder that the symbolic form of the command uses "u", to avoid confusion with "other". Note that only the user or the superuser (root) is able to change file permissions. chmod [options] mode[,mode] file1 [file2 ...] [7] Usually implemented options include:
In DOS systems, file directory entries include a Hidden file attribute which is manipulated using the attrib command. Using the command line command dir /ah displays the files with the Hidden attribute. In addition, there is a System file attribute that can be set on a file, which also causes the file to be hidden in directory listings.
Changes to files in folders that standard users don't have permissions for (such as %SystemRoot% or %ProgramFiles% in most cases) Changes to an access control list (ACL), commonly referred to as file or folder permissions; Installing and uninstalling applications outside of: The %USERPROFILE% (e.g. C:\Users\{logged in user}) folder and its sub ...
In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
Reparse Point (L): The file or directory has an associated re-parse point, or is a symbolic link. Offline (O): The file data is physically moved to offline storage (Remote Storage). Sparse (P): The file is a sparse file, i.e., its contents are partially empty and non-contiguous. Temporary (T): The file is used for temporary storage.