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  2. Velocity factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_factor

    The velocity factor (VF), [1] also called wave propagation speed or velocity of propagation (VoP or ), [2] of a transmission medium is the ratio of the speed at which a wavefront (of an electromagnetic signal, a radio signal, a light pulse in an optical fibre or a change of the electrical voltage on a copper wire) passes through the medium, to the speed of light in vacuum.

  3. Radio propagation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_propagation

    Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]

  4. Phase velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity

    Propagation of a wave packet demonstrating a phase velocity greater than the group velocity. This shows a wave with the group velocity and phase velocity going in different directions. The group velocity is positive, while the phase velocity is negative. [1] The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the wave propagates in any medium.

  5. Signal velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_velocity

    Signal velocity is usually equal to group velocity (the speed of a short "pulse" or of a wave-packet's middle or "envelope"). However, in a few special cases (e.g., media designed to amplify the front-most parts of a pulse and then attenuate the back section of the pulse), group velocity can exceed the speed of light in vacuum, while the signal ...

  6. Propagation delay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_delay

    An electromagnetic wave travelling through a medium has a propagation delay determined by the speed of light in that particular medium, or ca. 1 nanosecond per 29.98 centimetres (11.80 in) in a vacuum. An electric signal travelling through a wire has an propagation delay of ca. 1 nanosecond per 15 centimetres (5.9 in). [1]

  7. Wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_equation

    For an incident wave traveling from one medium (where the wave speed is c 1) to another medium (where the wave speed is c 2), one part of the wave will transmit into the second medium, while another part reflects back into the other direction and stays in the first medium. The amplitude of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave can be ...

  8. Wave propagation speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Wave_propagation_speed&...

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  9. Wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave

    Standing waves commonly arise when a boundary blocks further propagation of the wave, thus causing wave reflection, and therefore introducing a counter-propagating wave. For example, when a violin string is displaced, transverse waves propagate out to where the string is held in place at the bridge and the nut , where the waves are reflected back.