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Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [ 1 ] Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. [ 1 ]
Coagulative necrosis occurs primarily in tissues such as the kidney, heart and adrenal glands. [6] Severe ischemia most commonly causes necrosis of this form. [8] Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis), in contrast to coagulative necrosis, is characterized by the digestion of dead cells to form a viscous liquid mass. [7]
Dysbaric osteonecrosis or DON is a form of avascular necrosis where there is death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen (N 2) embolism (blockage of the blood vessels by a bubble of nitrogen coming out of solution) in divers. [1] Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several ...
Necrotic bone does not undergo resorption; therefore, it appears relatively more opaque. Attempts at repair of ischaemic-damaged bone will usual occur in 2 phases. First, when dead bone abuts live marrow, capillaries and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells grow into the dead marrow spaces, while macrophages degrade dead cellular and fat debris ...
The condition is usually characterized by a sudden onset of knee pain, worse at night, or during weight-bearing such as standing or running. Nevertheless, it can also occur during rest or without any weight-bearing. About 94% of the cases affect the medial condyle of the femur. This is because the blood supply for the medial condyle is less ...
Medical condition Osteochondritis dissecans A large flap lesion in the femur head typical of late stage Osteochondritis dissecans. In this case, the lesion was caused by avascular necrosis of the bone just under the cartilage. Pronunciation / ˌ ɒ s t i. oʊ k ɒ n ˈ d r aɪ t ɪ s ˈ d ɪ s ɪ k æ n z / Specialty Orthopedic surgery Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD or OD) is a joint disorder ...
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiation therapy in cancer treatment where radiated bone becomes necrotic and exposed. [1] ORN occurs most commonly in the mouth during the treatment of head and neck cancer, and can arise over 5 years after radiation. [2]
A sequestrum (plural: sequestra) is a piece of dead bone [1] that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal or sound bone. It is a complication (sequela) of osteomyelitis. The pathological process is as follows: infection in the bone leads to an increase in intramedullary pressure due to inflammatory exudates