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The Volvo 850 was introduced in Europe in June 1991, [16] as a 1992 model year car. It was launched with the slogan "A dynamic car with four unique innovations" [17] which referred to the newly developed five cylinder transverse engine, the Delta-link rear axle, [18] the Side Impact Protection System (SIPS), [19] and the self-adjusting seatbelt reel for the front seats.
A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F [16] [27] [28] hit the market. It was equipped with V-VIS [29] (Volvo Variable Intake System) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500 and 4100 rpm.
Volvo Cars has a long reputation as a maker of inline (or straight) engines.This list of Volvo engines gives an overview of available internal combustion engines.. When Volvo started in 1927, they ordered their engines from the engine manufacturer Penta in Skövde.
Fiat – Controlled High Turbulence (1989–92, Fiat Croma CHT), StarJet engine, dubbed Port Deactivation (PDA), Variable Intake System on the 131HP 1.8 16V and on the 155 HP 2.0 20V Pratola Serra engine. Ford — Dual-Stage Intake (DSI), on their Duratec 2.5 and 3.0-litre V6s, and it was also found on the Yamaha V6 in the Taurus SHO.
Aside from the increased bore size, the engine is identical to the B21. Volvo used a slightly different mold for the turbo engines to cast a boss for the turbo oil return line. Because a turbocharged engine has a higher operating temperature they used sodium filled exhaust valves and a thermostat controlled oil cooler (air/oil model).
For the 1992 model year the 940 GLE was downgraded with a 114 hp (85 kW) version of the 2.3-litre four-cylinder engine and sold as the 940 GL. The 940 SE was in actuality a 960 Turbo sold as the 940 SE, while the 940 Turbo remained largely unchanged. US-sales ended in 1995 in favour of the Volvo 850 and Volvo 960 series.
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Most engines require one or more systems to start and shut down the engine and to control parameters such as the power, speed, torque, pollution, combustion temperature, and efficiency and to stabilise the engine from modes of operation that may induce self-damage such as pre-ignition. Such systems may be referred to as engine control units.