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Greenhouse gases are infrared active, meaning that they absorb and emit infrared radiation in the same long wavelength range as what is emitted by the Earth's surface, clouds and atmosphere. [19]: 2233 99% of the Earth's dry atmosphere (excluding water vapor) is made up of nitrogen (N 2) (78%) and oxygen (O 2) (21%).
Gases which can absorb and emit longwave radiation are said to be infrared active [61] and act as greenhouse gases. Most gases whose molecules have two different atoms (such as carbon monoxide, CO), and all gases with three or more atoms (including H 2 O and CO 2), are infrared active and act as greenhouse
A few examples of the major greenhouse gases are water, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and CFCs. These gases can absorb infrared radiation from the Earth's surface as it passes through the atmosphere. The most influential greenhouse gas is water vapor. It frequently occurs in high concentrations, may transition to and from an ...
An exact calculation using the MODTRAN model, over all wavelengths and including methane and ozone greenhouse gasses, as shown in the plot above, gives, for tropical latitudes, an outgoing flux = 298.645 W/m 2 for current CO 2 levels and = 295.286 W/m 2 after CO 2 doubling, i.e. a radiative forcing of 1.1%, under clear sky conditions, as well ...
Methane molecules react with hydroxyl radicals (OH)—the "major chemical scavenger in the troposphere" that "controls the atmospheric lifetime of most gases in the troposphere". [60] Through this CH 4 oxidation process, atmospheric methane is destroyed and water vapor and carbon dioxide are produced.
Attempts to limit greenhouse gas emissions are centre-stage as the world tackles climate change.
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are responsible for a majority of the absorption of longwave radiation in the atmosphere. The most important of these gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. [22] The absorption of longwave radiation by gases depends on the specific absorption bands of the gases in the atmosphere. [19]
Nos. 12-3176, 12-3644 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT CHRISTOPHER HEDGES, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. BARACK OBAMA, individually and as