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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 December 2024. Gas in an atmosphere with certain absorption characteristics This article is about the physical properties of greenhouse gases. For how human activities are adding to greenhouse gases, see Greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases trap some of the heat that results when sunlight heats ...
Most gases whose molecules have two different atoms (such as carbon monoxide, CO), and all gases with three or more atoms (including H 2 O and CO 2), are infrared active and act as greenhouse gases. (Technically, this is because when these molecules vibrate , those vibrations modify the molecular dipole moment , or asymmetry in the distribution ...
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It absorbs and emits infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. The two wavelengths are 4.26 μm (2,347 cm −1) (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 μm (667 cm −1) (bending vibrational mode).
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It absorbs and emits infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. The two wavelengths are 4.26 μm (2,347 cm −1 ) (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode ) and 14.99 μm (667 cm −1 ) (bending vibrational mode).
The reason that greenhouse gases can absorb infrared radiation is their molecular structure. For example, carbon dioxide has two basic modes of vibration that create a strong dipole moment, which causes its strong absorption of infrared radiation. [12] In contrast, the most abundant gases (N 2, O 2, and Ar) in
The individual absorption spectra of major greenhouse gases plus Rayleigh scattering are shown in the lower panel. [1] An atmospheric window is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum that can pass through the atmosphere of Earth. The optical, infrared and radio windows comprise the three main atmospheric windows. [2]
The idealized greenhouse model is based on the fact that certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, including carbon dioxide and water vapour, are transparent to the high-frequency solar radiation, but are much more opaque to the lower frequency infrared radiation leaving Earth's surface.
An exact calculation using the MODTRAN model, over all wavelengths and including methane and ozone greenhouse gasses, as shown in the plot above, gives, for tropical latitudes, an outgoing flux = 298.645 W/m 2 for current CO 2 levels and = 295.286 W/m 2 after CO 2 doubling, i.e. a radiative forcing of 1.1%, under clear sky conditions, as well ...