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  2. Probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability

    Probability is the branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur.

  3. Likelihood function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_function

    The specific calculation of the likelihood is the probability that the observed sample would be assigned, assuming that the model chosen and the values of the several parameters θ give an accurate approximation of the frequency distribution of the population that the observed sample was drawn

  4. Probability distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution

    A discrete probability distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable that can take on only a countable number of values [15] (almost surely) [16] which means that the probability of any event can be expressed as a (finite or countably infinite) sum: = (=), where is a countable set with () =.

  5. Law of total probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_probability

    In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events , hence the name.

  6. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable.The general form of its probability density function is [2] [3] = ().

  7. Law of the unconscious statistician - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_unconscious...

    In probability theory and statistics, the law of the unconscious statistician, or LOTUS, is a theorem which expresses the expected value of a function g(X) of a random variable X in terms of g and the probability distribution of X. The form of the law depends on the type of random variable X in question.

  8. Cumulative distribution function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution...

    Cumulative distribution function for the exponential distribution Cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution. In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable, or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to .

  9. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own Boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability p) or failure (with probability q = 1 − p).

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