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This list of volcanoes in Iceland only includes major active and dormant volcanic mountains, of which at least 18 vents have erupted since human settlement of Iceland began around 900 AD. Subsequent to the main list a list is presented that classifies the volcanoes into zones, systems and types.
Iceland experiences frequent volcanic activity, due to its location both on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and being over a hotspot.Nearly thirty volcanoes are known to have erupted in the Holocene epoch; these include Eldgjá, source of the largest lava eruption in human history.
Fagradalsfjall is also the name for the wider volcanic system covering an area 5 kilometres (3 mi) wide and 16 kilometres (10 mi) long between the Svartsengi and Krýsuvík systems. [17] No volcanic eruption had occurred for 815 years on the Reykjanes Peninsula until 19 March 2021. Part of the Reykjanes volcanic zone (RVZ).
English: Map in English of the volcanic system of Iceland Íslenska: Gosbelti Íslands . A similar but different image that may have informed part of the original image that was created in 2008 is in Sveinn P. Jakobsson, Kristján Jónasson og Ingvar A. Sigurðsson 2008.
The Hofsjökull volcanic system (also Hofsjökull-Kerlingarfjöll volcanic system) contains the largest active central volcano in Iceland. [3] It is called Hofsjökull ( Icelandic : " temple glacier", Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhɔfsˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ ), after the icecap of the same name.
It contains cinder cones and is the only system on the peninsula that has erupted in recorded history, in 960 CE ± 10. [2] This produced from a single crater a 13 km 2 (5.0 sq mi) lava flow called Rauðhálsahraun [ˈrœyðˌhaulsaˌr̥œyːn] , and a tephra scoria layer that covered about 50 km 2 (19 sq mi). [ 1 ]
Víti geothermal lake at Askja Askja and Víti (in the foreground). Askja (ⓘ) is an active volcano situated in a remote part of the central highlands of Iceland.The name Askja refers to a complex of nested calderas within the surrounding Dyngjufjöll [ˈtiɲcʏˌfjœtl̥] mountains, which rise to 1,514 m (4,967 ft), askja meaning box or caldera in Icelandic.
The stratovolcano, which is the only large central volcano in its part of Iceland, has many pyroclastic cones on its flanks. Upper-flank craters produced intermediate to felsic materials. Several holocene eruptions have originated from the summit crater and have produced felsic material, [ 2 ] with pumice from the two most recent major ...
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