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As OTC instruments, interest rate swaps (IRSs) can be customised in a number of ways and can be structured to meet the specific needs of the counterparties. For example: payment dates could be irregular, the notional of the swap could be amortized over time, reset dates (or fixing dates) of the floating rate could be irregular, mandatory break clauses may be inserted into the contract, etc.
A swap agreement in which one party makes payments based on a set rate, either fixed or variable, while the other party makes payments based on the return of an underlying asset, which includes both the income it generates and any capital gains. In total return swaps, the underlying asset, referred to as the reference asset, is usually an ...
While the Treasury Regulations provide examples of contracts that are treated as NPCs, including "interest rate swaps, currency swaps, basis swaps, interest rate caps, interest rate floors, commodity swaps, equity swaps, and similar agreements." (Treas. Reg. § 1.446-3(c)(1)(i)), there are significant limitations on the types of contracts that ...
That is using the spot price or basis rate as reference forwards are quoted as the difference in pips between the outright price and the spot price for FX, or the difference in basis points between the forward rate and the basis rate for interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements. [13]
Quality spread differential (QSD) arises during an interest rate swap in which two parties of different levels of creditworthiness experience different levels of interest rates of debt obligations. A positive QSD means that a swap is in the interest of both parties. A QSD is the difference between the default-risk premium differential on the ...
The interest rate on the security or loan-type agreement, e.g., 5.25%. In the formulas this would be expressed as 0.0525. Date1 (Y1.M1.D1) Starting date for the accrual. It is usually the coupon payment date preceding Date2. Date2 (Y2.M2.D2) Date through which interest is being accrued. You could word this as the "to" date, with Date1 as the ...
where is the maturity of the longest transaction in the portfolio, is the future value of one unit of the base currency invested today at the prevailing interest rate for maturity , is the loss given default, is the time of default, () is the exposure at time , and (,) is the risk neutral probability of counterparty default between times and .
F = forward rate; S = spot rate; r d = simple interest rate of the term currency; r f = simple interest rate of the base currency; T = tenor (calculated according to the appropriate day count convention) The forward points or swap points are quoted as the difference between forward and spot, F - S, and is expressed as the following: