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Coma of a single lens. Each cone of light focuses on different planes along the optical axis. In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ ˈ k oʊ m ə /), or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted ...
where the optic axis is presumed to lie in the z direction, and () is the sag—the z-component of the displacement of the surface from the vertex, at distance from the axis. The coefficients α i {\displaystyle \alpha _{i}} describe the deviation of the surface from the axially symmetric quadric surface specified by R {\displaystyle R} and κ ...
Parallel rays coming into a parabolic mirror are focused at a point F. The vertex is V, and the axis of symmetry passes through V and F. For off-axis reflectors (with just the part of the paraboloid between the points P 1 and P 3), the receiver is still placed at the focus of the paraboloid, but it does not cast a shadow onto the reflector.
An off-axis optical system is an optical system in which the optical axis of the aperture is not coincident with the mechanical center of the aperture. The principal applications of off-axis optical systems are to avoid obstruction of the primary aperture by secondary optical elements, instrument packages, or sensors, and to provide ready access to instrument packages or sensors at the focus.
For example, (,) might represent a paraxial ray (i.e., a ray nearly parallel with the optic axis), and (,) might represent a marginal ray (i.e., a ray with the largest angle admitted by the system aperture). An optical imaging system for which this is true in for all rays is said to obey the Abbe sine condition.
A Winston cone is a non-imaging light collector in the shape of an off-axis parabola of revolution [1] [2] with a reflective inner surface. It concentrates the light passing through a relatively large entrance aperture through a smaller exit aperture. [3]
The unconditional aligning of binoculars is a 3-axis collimation, meaning both optical axis that provide stereoscopic vision are aligned parallel with the axis of the hinge used to select various interpupillary distance settings. With regards to a telescope, the term refers to the fact that the optical axis of each optical component should be ...
By making the off-axis illumination (i.e., the light is illuminating the mask at an oblique angle), all the diffraction orders from the mask are tilted, which makes it more likely that the higher diffraction orders can make it through the projection lens and help form the image of the mask onto the wafer.