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Oakeshott types. The Oakeshott typology is a way to define and catalogue the medieval sword based on physical form. It categorises the swords of the European Middle Ages (roughly 11th to 16th centuries [1]) into 13 main types, labelled X through XXII.
F/M/K: These are an indication of the method of hilt construction family, signifiying Falchion (Sword-like structures), Messer (large knife-hilted weapons of sword-like sizes), or Knife - used to notate smaller forms of Messer known as Bauernwehr, Rugger, and Tesak, ranging from pocket knife size to the size of a large bowie knife. By Elmslie ...
Oakeshott's typology of medieval and early renaissance swords is among his most influential and most lasting works. He has been described as the sword's "most distinguished modern commentator". [7] Dr. Jan Peterson had previously developed a typology for Viking swords consisting of twenty-six categories. Peterson's typology was simplified by Dr ...
The common "knightly swords" of the high medieval period (11th to early 12th centuries) fall under types X to XII. Type X is the Norman sword as it developed out of the early medieval Viking sword by the 11th century. Type XI shows the development towards a more tapering point seen during the 12th century.
[18] In Old English, swords were termed sweord, although other terms used for such weapons included heoru or heru, bill or bile, and mēce or mǣce. [29] Anglo-Saxon swords comprised two-edged straight, flat blades. [29]
Above: 10th-century sword found in Isac river, near Nantes, with an inscription read as INGELRED FIT by Wegeli; below: sword found near Uppsala, Sweden, with inscription INGEL.AH. The Ingelrii group consists of about 20 known [ 1 ] medieval swords from the 10th to 12th century with a damascening blade inscription INGELRII, appearing with ...
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Also from the 14th century, the leather chappe is sometimes replaced with a metal sheet. An early example of this is a sword dated to c. 1320–40 kept at the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow. A later example is the "Monza sword" of Estore Visconti (early 15th century), where the rain-guard is of silver and decorated with a floral motif.