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Round-by-chop: The base-expansion of is truncated after the ()-th digit. This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there is a tie, the floating-point number whose last stored digit is even (also, the last digit, in binary form, is equal ...
One may also round half to odd, a similar tie-breaking rule to round half to even. In this approach, if the fractional part of x is 0.5, then y is the odd integer nearest to x. Thus, for example, 23.5 becomes 23, as does 22.5; while −23.5 becomes −23, as does −22.5.
Some programming languages (or compilers for them) provide a built-in (primitive) or library decimal data type to represent non-repeating decimal fractions like 0.3 and −1.17 without rounding, and to do arithmetic on them. Examples are the decimal.Decimal or num7.Num type of Python, and analogous types provided by other languages.
If the n + 1 digit is 5 not followed by other digits or followed by only zeros, then rounding requires a tie-breaking rule. For example, to round 1.25 to 2 significant figures: Round half away from zero rounds up to 1.3. This is the default rounding method implied in many disciplines [citation needed] if the required rounding method is not ...
In mathematics and apportionment theory, a signpost sequence is a sequence of real numbers, called signposts, used in defining generalized rounding rules.A signpost sequence defines a set of signposts that mark the boundaries between neighboring whole numbers: a real number less than the signpost is rounded down, while numbers greater than the signpost are rounded up.
IEEE 754 requires correct rounding: that is, the rounded result is as if infinitely precise arithmetic was used to compute the value and then rounded (although in implementation only three extra bits are needed to ensure this). There are several different rounding schemes (or rounding modes). Historically, truncation was the typical approach.
Decimal arithmetic, compatible with that used in Java, C#, PL/I, COBOL, Python, REXX, etc., is also defined in this section. In general, decimal arithmetic follows the same rules as binary arithmetic (results are correctly rounded, and so on), with additional rules that define the exponent of a result (more than one is possible in many cases).
Adding from __future__ import division causes a module used in Python 2.7 to use Python 3.0 rules for division (see above). In Python terms, / is true division (or simply division), and // is floor division. / before version 3.0 is classic division. [122] Rounding towards negative infinity, though different from most languages, adds consistency.