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Galea. (helmet) Modern reconstruction of a centurion's helmet, first century. The embossed eyebrows and the circular brass bosses are typical of the Imperial Gallic helmets. A galea ( [ˈɡaɫea], from Greek γαλέη, galéē, " weasel, marten ") [ 1] was a Roman soldier's helmet. Some gladiators, specifically myrmillones, also wore bronze ...
Roman helmets, galea or cassis, varied greatly in form. One of the earliest types was the Montefortino helmet used by the Republic armies up to the 1st century BC. This was replaced directly by the Coolus helmet , which "raised the neck peak to eye level and set a sturdy frontal peak to the brow of the helmet". [ 30 ]
The centurions, who made up the officer ranks, had decorations on their chest plates corresponding to modern medals, and the long cudgels that they carried. Examples of items of Roman military personal armour included: Galea or soldier's helmet. Variant forms included the Coolus helmet, Montefortino helmet, and Imperial helmet.
Centurion. A historical reenactor in Roman centurion costume. Note that the vambraces used in this reconstruction are an anachronism. In the Roman army during classical antiquity, a centurion ( / sɛnˈtjʊəriən /; Latin: centurio [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊrioː], pl. centuriones; Greek: κεντυρίων, translit. kentyríōn, or Greek ...
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome 's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history." [ 1] At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two ...
Roman ridge helmet (Berkasovo I), early 4th century AD. Made of iron and sheathed in silver-gilt, it is decorated with glass gems. From the " Berkasovo treasure", Museum of Vojvodina, Novi Sad ( Serbia ). The Late Roman ridge helmet was a type of combat helmet of Late Antiquity used by soldiers of the Late Roman army.
The Roman panoply consists firstly of a shield ( scutum ), the convex surface of which measures 2.5 ft (76 cm) in width and 4 ft (120 cm) in length, the thickness at the rim being a palm's breadth. It is made of two planks glued together, the outer surface being then covered first with canvas and then with calfskin.
Late Roman army. The West Roman army disintegrated AD 425–470, whilst the East Roman army continued until the Muslim conquests, after which the theme system was created. The Tetrarchs, a porphyry statue on Venice 's Basilica di San Marco, shows the emperor Diocletian and his three imperial colleagues. To the left, Diocletian and Maximianus ...