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  2. Caesium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium

    Caesium (IUPAC spelling; [9] also spelled cesium in American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F; 301.6 K), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature .

  3. Caesium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium_chloride

    Caesium chloride or cesium chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula Cs Cl. This colorless salt is an important source of caesium ions in a variety of niche applications. Its crystal structure forms a major structural type where each caesium ion is coordinated by 8 chloride ions.

  4. Charge number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number

    Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...

  5. Caesium iodide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium_iodide

    Caesium iodide or cesium iodide (chemical formula CsI) is the ionic compound of caesium and iodine. It is often used as the input phosphor of an X-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. Caesium iodide photocathodes are highly efficient at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. [7]

  6. Effective nuclear charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_nuclear_charge

    In atomic physics, the effective nuclear charge of an electron in a multi-electron atom or ion is the number of elementary charges an electron experiences by the nucleus. It is denoted by Z eff . The term "effective" is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevent higher energy electrons from experiencing the full ...

  7. Mass-to-charge ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-to-charge_ratio

    When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.

  8. Atomic battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_battery

    A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode, which thermionically emits electrons over a space-charge barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful power output. Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization) to neutralize the electron space charge. [6]

  9. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .