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The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia), Levant, and Egypt and neighboring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt , Turkey and Cyprus in the west to Iran and the Persian Gulf in the east, [ 1 ] and from Turkey and Iran in the north, to Yemen and Oman in the south.
U.S. Marines on guard duty in April 2003 near a burning oil well in the Rumaila oil field of Basra, Iraq, following the 2003 U.S. invasion and during the Iraq War.. United States foreign policy in the Middle East has its roots in the early 19th-century Tripolitan War that occurred shortly after the 1776 establishment of the United States as an independent sovereign state, but became much more ...
The Mediterranean and Middle East theatre had the longest duration of the World War II, resulted in the destruction of the Italian Empire, and severely undermined the strategic position of Germany, resulting in German divisions being deployed to Africa and Italy and total German losses (including those captured upon final surrender) being over ...
President Harry S. Truman directed U.S. foreign policy from 1945 to 1953. His main advisor was Dean Acheson. The main issues of the United States foreign policy during the 1945–1953 presidency of Harry S. Truman include: [1] Final stages of World War II included the challenge of defeating Japan with minimal American casualties.
The limits of foreign policy; the West, the League, and the Far Eastern crisis of 1931-1933 (1972) online; Tooze, Adam. The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931 (2014) emphasis on economics excerpt. Ulam, Adam B. Expansion and coexistence: Soviet foreign policy, 1917–73 (2nd ed 1974) online; Watt ...
During World War I, the British had made two promises regarding territory in the Middle East.Britain had promised the Hashemite governors of Arabia, through Lawrence of Arabia and the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, independence for a united Arab country in Syria in exchange for supporting the British against the Ottoman Empire.
Minor Nazi party branches were established in the Middle East before the war by local German diaspora. [16] In June 1941, Wehrmacht High Command Directive No. 32 and the "Instructions for Special Staff F" designated Special Staff F as the Wehrmacht's central agency for all issues that affected the Arab world. [17]
The Eisenhower Doctrine was a policy enunciated by Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 5, 1957, within a "Special Message to the Congress on the Situation in the Middle East". ". Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression