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It is estimated in 2018 there was an 85% for a survival rate of thirty years following a Fontan procedure and there are approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people in the world with Fontan circulation. [23] It is approximated that 40% of people with Fontan circulation are ≥18 years of age. [22]
Heart transplantation may be indicated, typically after Fontan completion. [18] One multi-center study (of patients undergoing the Fontan from 1993 to 2001) reported a 76% 1-year survival rate in patients who survived to transplant. [45]
The last surgery, known as the Fontan procedure, is typically performed around the age of 18 months and older. The final result of these surgeries is to redirect the superior and inferior vena cavae into the pulmonary artery, bypassing the right atrium.
Retrospective reviews demonstrate failure of the procedure in 6.5% of patients. Reported mortality related to the BDG procedure ranges from 0.7% to 2.4%, however up to 71% of patients may die once the BDG shunt fails, with many decompensating before further surgery can be performed.
Blalock-Taussig is a traditional procedure, and Fontan procedure is widely operated recently. The goal of most isolated levocardia surgeries is to rebuild parts of the heart and "redirect" the way blood flows in order to augment pulmonary blood flow.
The third surgery is the Fontan procedure, ... the transplant-free survival rate was only 54-59% amongst patients who underwent the Norwood procedure. [32]
However the associated high pressure of injection is associated with a high mortality rate for the cells thereby negatively impacting the benefit ratio of this approach. Furthermore, from a technical point of view, due to the polydispersity of these natural hydrogels, purification is a requisite but very difficult step.
The success rate of heart–lung transplants has improved significantly in recent years. The British National Health Service states that the survival rate is now around 85%, one year after the transplant was performed. [1] In 2004, there were only 39 heart–lung transplants performed in the entire United States and only 75 worldwide.