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  2. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    Letter frequency is the number of times letters of the alphabet appear on average in written language. Letter frequency analysis dates back to the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi ( c. 801 –873 AD), who formally developed the method to break ciphers. Letter frequency analysis gained importance in Europe with the development of movable type in 1450 ...

  3. Scrabble letter distributions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrabble_letter_distributions

    5 points: Ø ×2; 6 points: Y ×1, Æ ×1; 8 points: W ×1; 10 points: C ×1; The letters Q, X and Z are absent since these letters are very rare and only occur in foreign words. These letters and the foreign letters "Ä", "Ö" and "Ü", which are used in a few Norwegian words, can be played with a blank.

  4. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    A plot of the frequency of each word as a function of its frequency rank for two English language texts: Culpeper's Complete Herbal (1652) and H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898) in a log-log scale. The dotted line is the ideal law y ∝ 1/x.

  5. Frequency analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis

    Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of written language, certain letters and combinations of letters occur with varying frequencies. Moreover, there is a characteristic distribution of letters that is roughly the same for almost all samples of that language. For instance, given a section of English language, E, T ...

  6. Most common words in English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English

    Basic English; Frequency analysis, the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters; Letter frequencies; Oxford English Corpus; Swadesh list, a compilation of basic concepts for the purpose of historical-comparative linguistics; Zipf's law, a theory stating that the frequency of any word is inversely proportional to its rank in a ...

  7. Bigram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigram

    Bigram. A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words. A bigram is an n -gram for n =2. The frequency distribution of every bigram in a string is commonly used for simple statistical analysis of text in many applications, including in computational linguistics ...

  8. Etaoin shrdlu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu

    Etaoin Shrdlu is the name of a character in at least two Robert Crumb comic stories, including Weirdo. [15] In Pogo by Walt Kelly, on March 11, 1950, a bookworm criticizes Webster's Dictionary for, among other things, bad spelling; he gives his name as "Mr. Shrdlu – Etaoin Shrdlu." In Charles Schulz 's Peanuts comic strip for September 13 ...

  9. Musical note - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_note

    Notes in it are written as lower case letters, so middle C itself is written c in Helmholtz notation. The next higher octave is called "one-lined". Notes in it include a prime symbol above the note's letter. Names of subsequently higher octaves use higher numbers before the "lined". Notes in each include an addition prime symbol above the note ...