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Ida Jean Orlando (August 12, 1926 – November 28, 2007) was an American nurse whose theory has significant relevance for nursing in many countries worldwide. [ 1 ] Orlando graduated as a nurse from New York Medical College in 1947.
[1] [2] [3] Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. [4] It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later.
The continuum concept is an idea, coined by Jean Liedloff in her 1975 book The Continuum Concept, that human beings have an innate set of expectations (which Liedloff calls the continuum) that our evolution as a species has designed us to meet in order to achieve optimal physical, mental, and emotional development and adaptability.
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Multiregional evolution holds that the human species first arose around two million years ago and subsequent human evolution has been within a single, continuous human species. This species encompasses all archaic human forms such as Homo erectus , Denisovans , and Neanderthals as well as modern forms, and evolved worldwide to the diverse ...
This is a counter to the claims by theorists like Noam Chomsky, who argued against language as a human specific adaptation. [17] Adaptation and adaptive theory has been argued even separate from its utility in the study of language. Gould and Lewontin engage with what they saw as flaws in adaptive theory using the analogy of the spandrels of ...
The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence. Neil Shubin (2008). Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body. John Skoyles and Dorion Sagan (2002). Up from Dragons: The evolution of human intelligence. Cameron M. Smith and Charles Sullivan (2006). The Top 10 Myths About Evolution.
Neutral theory – Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level; Shifting balance theory – One version of the theory of evolution; Price equation – Description of how a trait or gene changes in frequency over time; Coefficient of relationship – Mathematical guess about inbreeding; Fitness – Expected reproductive success