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The prime decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds states that every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) collection of prime 3-manifolds. A manifold is prime if it cannot be presented as a connected sum of more than one manifold, none of which is the sphere of the same dimension.
This is a list of particular manifolds, by Wikipedia page. See also list of geometric topology topics. For categorical listings see Category: ...
Familiar examples of two-dimensional manifolds include the sphere, torus, and Klein bottle; this book concentrates on three-dimensional manifolds, and on two-dimensional surfaces within them. A particular focus is a Heegaard splitting, a two-dimensional surface that partitions a 3-manifold into two handlebodies. It aims to present the main ...
Once a small subfield of geometric topology, the theory of 3-manifolds has experienced tremendous growth in the latter half of the 20th century. The methods used tend to be quite specific to three dimensions, since different phenomena occur for 4-manifolds and higher dimensions.
If is a prime 3-manifold then either it is or the non-orientable bundle over , or it is irreducible, which means that any embedded 2-sphere bounds a ball. So the theorem can be restated to say that there is a unique connected sum decomposition into irreducible 3-manifolds and fiber bundles of S 2 {\displaystyle S^{2}} over S 1 . {\displaystyle ...
In mathematics, a spherical 3-manifold M is a 3-manifold of the form = / where is a finite subgroup of O(4) acting freely by rotations on the 3-sphere. All such manifolds are prime, orientable, and closed. Spherical 3-manifolds are sometimes called elliptic 3-manifolds.
There is an alternate definition due to Mikhail Gromov. Gromov's topology utilizes the Gromov-Hausdorff metric and is defined on pointed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. One essentially considers better and better bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms on larger and larger balls. This results in the same notion of convergence as above as the thick part is always ...
Medical ethics (also, and somewhat more broadly "Biomedical ethics") is a branch of bioethics concerning the practice of medicine and related fields.