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The values were not computed according formulas widely used in the US, but using somewhat more exact formulas (see below), which can also be used to compute further values in the appropriate temperature ranges. The saturated vapor pressure over water in the temperature range of −100 °C to −50 °C is only extrapolated [Translator's note ...
Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The saturation level is only nominally dependent on the temperature of the water. [1] At 20 °C (68 °F) one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3 percent by weight (% w/w). At 100 °C (212 ...
The average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/L. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/L at 4 °C (39 °F)) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases.
However, the salt content of oceans lowers the freezing point by about 1.9 °C [41] (due to freezing-point depression of a solvent containing a solute) and lowers the temperature of the density maximum of water to the former freezing point at 0 °C.
Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water.
T-S diagram of a station in the North Pacific. In oceanography, temperature-salinity diagrams, sometimes called T-S diagrams, are used to identify water masses.In a T-S diagram, rather than plotting each water property as a separate "profile," with pressure or depth as the vertical coordinate, potential temperature (on the vertical axis) is plotted versus salinity (on the horizontal axis).
Anything dissolved in water can have the same effect of lowering the freezing temperature, but salt is used, Ferguson says, because when one unit of salt dissolves, it yields two to three ...
using Plots # Saturated water vapor pressure [Pa] # See Ham, 2005. Useful Equations and Tables in Micrometeorology function water_vapor_saturated_pressure (Ta, P) Ta = Ta-273.15 es = (1.0007 + (3.46e-5 * (P / 1e3))) * 0.61121 * exp ((17.502 * Ta) / (Ta + 240.97)) * 1e3 return es end function water_vapor_density (e, Tair) Rs_v = 461.5 # J/(kg.K) specific gas constant for water vapor ρv = e ...