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Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and ...
Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism—a major theory within psychology which holds that generally human behaviors are learned—proposed by Arthur W. Staats. The theory is constructed to advance from basic animal learning principles to deal with all types of human behavior, including personality, culture, and human evolution.
The biopsychosocial model is a cross-disciplinary, holistic model that concerns the ways in which interrelationships of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors affect health and behavior. [98] Evolutionary psychology approaches thought and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective. This perspective suggests that ...
Purposive behaviorism is a branch of psychology that was introduced by Edward Tolman. It combines the study of behavior while also considering the purpose or goal of behavior. [ 1 ] Tolman thought that learning developed from knowledge about the environment and how the organism relates to its environment. [ 2 ]
David Easton was the first to differentiate behavioralism from behaviorism in the 1950s (behaviorism is the term mostly associated with psychology). [15] In the early 1940s, behaviorism itself was referred to as a behavioral science and later referred to as behaviorism. However, Easton sought to differentiate between the two disciplines: [16]
The formula states that behavior is a function of the person and their environment: [1] = (,) Where is behavior, is person, and is the environment.. This equation was first presented in Lewin's book, Principles of Topological Psychology, published in 1936. [2]
[3] [21] In the "Manifesto", Watson outlines the major features of his new philosophy of psychology, behaviorism, with the first paragraph of the article concisely describing Watson's behaviorist position: [3]: 2 Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science.
Skinner developed behavior analysis, especially the philosophy of radical behaviorism, [7] and founded the experimental analysis of behavior, a school of experimental research psychology. He also used operant conditioning to strengthen behavior, considering the rate of response to be the most effective measure of response strength.