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The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae.In several countries, their common name is sandfly, but that name is also applied to other flies.The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding (hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever.
Phlebotomus papatasi is a species of insects commonly known as sandflies. Due to their ectothermic climate limitations, P. papatasi are confined to regions with temperatures above 15 degrees Celsius for at least three months of the year, [1] spanning over much of the European Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. [2]
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by Phlebotomus, in North Africa; Leishmania infantum = green, Leishmania major = blue, Leishmania tropica = red [2]. In the Old World, Phlebotomus sand flies are primarily responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis, [2] an important parasitic disease, while transmission in the New World, is generally via sand flies of the genus Lutzomyia. [3]
Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States , sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae ), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae .
Sandfly, Lutzomyia adiketis (Psychodidae), Early Miocene, c. 20 million years ago. Diptera were traditionally broken down into two suborders, Nematocera and Brachycera, distinguished by the differences in antennae. The Nematocera are identified by their elongated bodies and many-segmented, often feathery antennae as represented by mosquitoes ...
Lutzomyia anthophora feed on both carbohydrates and blood. Females that feed on carbohydrates fare better reproductively than those that do not. After feeding on these sugar solutions L. anthophora will wait twenty four hours before feeding again.
Lutzomyia is a genus of phlebotomine sand flies consisting of nearly 400 species, [1] at least 33 of which have medical importance as vectors of human disease. [2] Species of the genus Lutzomyia are found only in the New World, distributed in southern areas of the Nearctic and throughout the Neotropical realm. [2]
Sandfly control: For dogs at risk of Leishmania, keeping them indoors during peak sandfly activity (dusk and dawn), using insecticide-treated bed nets, and reducing sandfly breeding sites (e.g., removing decaying organic matter) are effective strategies (Eisen et al.,2021).